ENR 1.2 Visual flight rules
1 Except when operating as a special VFR flight, VFR flights shall be conducted so that the aircraft is flown in conditions of visibility and distance from clouds equal to or greater than those specified in Table below.
Airspace class | C | G |
1 000 FT above terrain | At and below 1 000 FT above terrain, |
Distance from cloud | 1 500 M horizontally 1 000 FT vertically | Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface |
Flight visibility | 8 KM at and above 10 000 FT AMSL 5 KM below 10 000 FT AMSL | 5 KM* |
* VFR flight may be permitted under conditions when flight visibility is less than 5 km: Helicopters may be operated in flight visibility 3000m at speeds that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision. |
2 Except when a clearance is obtained from an air traffic control unit, VFR flights shall not take off or land at an aerodrome within a control zone, or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or traffic pattern:
- when the ceiling is less than 1 500 ft; or
- when the ground visibility is less than 5 km.
3 VFR flights shall not be operated:
- above FL 195;
- at transonic and supersonic speeds;
- between sunset and sunrise.
4 Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except by permission from the appropriate authority, a VFR flight shall not be flown:
- over the congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open-air assembly of persons at a height less than 1 000 ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft;
5 Except where otherwise indicated in air traffic control clearances or specified by the appropriate
ATS authority, VFR flights in level cruising flight when operated above 3 000 ft from the ground or water, or a higher datum as specified by the appropriate
ATS authority, shall be conducted at a flight level appropriate to the track as specified in the tables of cruising levels(
ENR 1.7).
6 VFR flights shall comply with the provisions of 3.6 of
ICAO Annex 2:
- when operated within Class C airspace;
- when forming part of aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes; or
- when operated as special VFR flights.
7 An aircraft operated in accordance with the visual flight rules which wishes to change to compliance with the instrument flight rules shall:
- if a flight plan was submitted, communicate the necessary changes to be effected to its current flight plan, or
- when so required by ICAO Annex 2, submit a flight plan to the appropriate air traffic services unit and obtain a clearance prior to proceeding IFR when in controlled airspace.
8 VFR flights within uncontrolled airspace.
- Submission of a flight plan is necessary when search and rescue provision is needed.
- Two-way communication is not necessary.
- To enter controlled airspace without permission by appropriate ATC is prohibited.